Beer Marketer's Insights

Beer Marketer's Insights

Things are heating up. Very unusual Mar 19 letter to all AB distribs from sales veep Mike Owens revealed escalating tensions between largest brewer AB and largest distiller Diageo. Also added pressure to those AB distribs who sell Diageo’s Guinness Bass Import Co brands. Mike said that "Diageo and its Guinness USA (sic) unit... have identified" AB and distribs "as their primary competitive target" in US. (In early Mar, Guinness UDV North America prexy Paul Clinton had told Reuters: "We're no longer competing with Allied Domecq" in US "as much as" AB.) Mike pointed to GBIC sales conference when Guinness prexy "called for a moment of silence to celebrate the late great Anheuser Busch." Mike continued: "This action was not only unprofessional but also shows a lack of respect" for AB distribs who attended. AB and its distribs have "worked too long and hard to succumb to the arrogance of this statement.... It is incumbent upon the company and every AB wholesaler to respond in the marketplace." Mike also quoted August Busch III from AB’s sales conference: "Diageo... is well financed. Made up of young, aggressive, well-educated managers, who are out to take our share of ethanol. Just that simple. We are not going to let them do it." "Diageo and Guinness would like nothing better than to see" AB and distribs "divided," Mike added. "If we stand united, we will not only maintain our leadership... but continue to grow our share of ethanol as well," he concluded.

There are many different battlefronts between AB and Diageo; equivalence, share of alcohol, tv ads, malternatives, exclusivity, a Federal lawsuit filed by Diageo over Red label Budweiser, these recent statements, etc. Just before this letter went out, Mike Owens called many AB/Guinness distribs and encouraged them to sell off their GBIC brands. This wasn’t first time AB asked for this, and probably won’t be the last. AB is pushing harder to increase its number of distribs who are exclusive. At same time, in several different recent Miller/Coors deals, AB distribs who were already E distribs acquired non-aligned brands such as Sierra Nevada, Sam Adams and Scottish & Newcastle. It will be fascinating to watch this dynamic play out, especially in mkts where imports are strong.

Coors execs put lotsa emphasis on improving performance in convenience stores. C-stores account for 34% of off-premise beer sold in US, said sr veep Carl Barnhill. Currently, Coors at just 8.5 share in these accounts while AB dominates with 61.9 share, Miller at 19.8. If Coors just got to its natl share of 11, that's 20-mil-case opportunity, said Carl. C-stores a "primary channel" for trial among beer drinkers, said Dennis Kamper, natl category mgr-convenience. To succeed in c-stores, gotta be big player in single-serves, said execs. Yet Coors only at 5 share of single-serves. Coors’ best selling package in c-stores: 24-oz Coors Light can. But it's only available in 70% of 90,000 licensed c-stores. Coors adding 24-oz Coors Light long necks this summer, even tho it has a 22-oz Coors Light long neck. Why? Because 70,000 convenience stores "either don’t handle" 22-oz or "legally restricted from selling it," explained Coors exec. In Tex alone, the 24-oz long neck "offers us more than 13,000 placement opportunities," said Dennis. Only Corona and Heineken offer 24-oz long neck and each sold over 1 mil cases in c-stores in 2001, he added. Interesting stat: 45% percent of Coors c-store volume comes from just 5 states: Fla, Ga, Tex, Ariz and Calif. Expanded distrib service in c-stores will also be key to growth, according to Coors, especially since 50% of beer sales in c-stores take place during 50-hour period from Friday afternoon to Sunday evening. So distribs can no longer afford not to deliver and merchandise c-stores on weekends, said Scott Nelson, natl acct sales mgr for c-stores. "If you don’t get there and service these stores during peak selling periods, somebody else will," said Scott. Research showed if the store was out of Coors Light, 50% of Coors Light drinkers would buy another brand, 21% will try another store and another 23% will buy different package of same brand.

The year 2001 was a "wakeup call and we’re better off for it," prexy Leo Kiely said at natl sales conference. After slow start, Coors "improved" in 2d half as Coors Light showed "renewed strength." Still, Coors made "impressive progress" amidst lotsa big changes in 2001, including its deal forming Molson USA, Carling purchase, operations initiatives and key exec changes, pointed out Leo. Going forward, Coors and distribs have to be "willing to change anything, everything if necessary in order to win." Beer biz at "key juncture," added Leo, given supplier and distributor consolidation, "pressures, distractions and opportunities generated by more and more brands, especially imports and malternatives. And our biggest competitor [is] continuing to strengthen the commitment and focus of its wholesaler system." "We all need to be bigger and smarter," said Leo. "You have some big decisions to make," Leo told distribs, "decisions that determine whether you’re going to fold, survive or win." In just last 5 yrs, 15% of distrib principals are new, Leo pointed out, and there are 10% fewer principals in Coors system. Coors expects another 25% change in next 5 yrs. Meanwhile, Coors at 55 share in Puerto Rico, Leo said, and grew double-digits in Canada. Molson USA is "beginning to turn," said veep Ed McBrien. In fact, Molson biz up almost 1% yr-to-date in US. Molson Canadian and Canadian Light up 23% last 6 mos. Those 2 brands now 30% of Molson USA, on track to be 40% by end of 2002. Coors "making steady progress" consolidating Molson network. Closed over 120 deals to bring Molson into Coors houses, including bigger Molson mkts, like NY, Boston, Cleveland. Molson’s biggest US mkt, Buffalo, up 16% YTD.

Coors sr veep mktg Ron Askew on board just a few short mos, but has already made huge changes that were at heart of its natl sales convention. Coors #1 challenge, Ron said, is "to keep our brands growing with the 21-25 year olds. There’s never been a top-5 beer brand that didn’t have this group as its volume base." How relevant are Coors’ brands now to this target? "In the ballpark, not in the bullseye," said Ron, and Coors needs to "address this situation strategically, executionally and immediately." His "mission": "to improve our relevancy with the 21-25 year-olds" and "to forge an emotional bond with our drinkers." Then showed hi-energy new Coors Light ads and wholesalers went wild.

Even tho Coors flat in 2001, it aims to get back to 5% growth (had 5% depletions growth for much of 99-00), several execs said. "We must grow our business 5% every single year and you’ve got to have this growth mindset to make it happen," said sr sales veep Carl Barnhill. Coors must "fight to regain the momentum we lost" and Coors Light must "never, ever cool down again," he added. In last decade, Coors Light up 40%+ while Miller Lite lost 3 mil bbls, he said. Meanwhile, Bud Light more than tripled since 88. As for malternatives, they "might not even be here in 5 years," according to Carl. Coors execs showed that AB biz up more than total beer biz in 33 states in 2001 (US beer biz up 0.7% in 2001), Coors in 23 and Miller in just 5. Miller down in 44 states, Coors down in 26, AB down in 13. Coors up in NEast from Me to Md except Pennsy, but down in most of southern US, including Fla and Tex, and Calif. Also up in most of midwest.

Most top Coors execs got modest pay hikes, but smaller bonuses and fewer options in 2001. As result, most made less than yr before. Chairman Pete Coors salary up 4.6% to $760,500, but his bonus slashed 20% to $452,000. So Pete’s package almost $80,000 less than in 2000. Pete was awarded options of 125,000 shares, 46,000 fewer than yr before. Unlike Pete (and other top execs), prexy Leo Kiely got big salary boost: up 20% to $686,456. Leo’s bonus shaved 5% to $407,000. Leo passed $1-mil mark for 1st time. And he was awarded 120,000 options—16,000 more than in 2000--the only top exec to get bigger options award. CFO Tim Wolf got salary of $371,000, bonus of $164,000, up 3%, down 13% respectively. So Tim made $15,000 less than previous yr. Similarly, senior veep sales Carl Barnhill’s salary/bonus of $343,000/$128,000 netted out to $46,000 less. And ex-sr veep mktg Bill Weintraub got salary/bonus of $364,000/$136,000, a $43,000 cut from previous yr.

Lookin’ at prospects for 2002, Coors remains "cautiously optimistic" it will achieve "long-standing goal of growing our unit volume 1%-2% faster than the US beer industry." (Editor's note: that ain't 5%.) Pricing "continued favorable" in late 01, early 02. But "geographic and product mix continued to have a modest negative impact on net sales per bbl late in 2001, with sales shifting toward lower-revenue geographies and products." Coors’ sale of branches will reduce rev-per-bbl gains for 1st 3 qtrs of 2002 and Coors expects higher labor, mktg costs. But otherwise, Coors sees "encouraging" outlook for costs as it: 1) picks up "significant operating efficiencies"; 2) sees stable pkgng, fuel, commodities costs; and 3) expects mix shifts--to long-neck bottles--will affect costs less than in past yrs. Coors’ total ad costs were $465.2 mil in 2001, off slightly from $477.3 mil in 2000, but up from $443.4 mil in 1999. Proceeds from sale of Anaheim, San Bernadino and Okla City branches: $59.4 mil, for pre-tax gain of $27.7 mil. Coors net loss on Molson partnership in US in 2001: $2.2 mil.

Liquor and wine suppliers continued to pour much more money into their DC assns than brewers in 2000. (Individual suppliers also spend lots on outside lobbyists and have in-house lobbying staff too, on top of assns.) Distilled spirits cos and vintners assns jumped revs significantly in 2000 compared to 1998, according to bi-annual survey by National Journal. DISCUS (Distilled Spirits Council) revs hit $15.1 mil in 2000, up 25%, $3 mil since 98. Wine Inst revs went from $10.5 mil to $12.5 mil; an 18% hike. But brewers increased Beer Inst revs just $171,000, 7% to $2.6 mil in 2000. Means that tho beer is almost 60 share of absolute alc, beer just 9% of natl assn dollars at supplier level. While spirits 29 share of absolute alc, got 50 share of natl assn dollars. DISCUS also shelled out more than $1 mil salary and benefits to its new prexy, Dr. Peter Cressy. His salary was $467,000 with benefits and allowances of $569,000. (Not clear why benefits so high, looks like one-time payment.) Long-time Wine Inst prexy John DeLuca got even higher salary: $517,000. Meanwhile, Beer Inst prexy Jeff Becker paid $175,000. (That’s over $100,000 less than Beer Inst paid predecessor Ray McGrath in 98.) While Jeff’s salary lowest, got highest % of assn revs --- 6.6%. DeLuca salary was 4.2% of revs and Cressy's was 3.1%. Each paid peanuts compared to soft drink assn prexy; he got salary of $870,000, 15% of assn's $5.8 mil revs.

Salaries and revs of wholesaler assns much more similar. David Rehr, NBWA prexy, got $301,000 and NBWA had revs of $5.5 mil in 2000; WSWA (wine and spirits wholesalers) paid exec veep Juanita Duggan $306,000 and had $4.6 mil revs. WSWA narrowed budget gap with NBWA from 98 to 2000 as it upped revs 41% in 2 years while NBWA revs up 12%. WSWA has much smaller membership; getting much higher dues per distrib. Alc bev assn revs small potatoes compared to others. For example, Natl Cattlemen’s Beef Assn received $72 mil in revs, Food Mkting Inst at $37 mil, Natl Restaurant Assn at $21.7 mil, convenience stores at $17.8 mil. Industry sparring partners have lots of $$ to work with too. AMA had $245.9 mil in revs, CSPI at $16 mil in revs and paid Michael Jacobson $172,000. Lobbying biz in DC obviously for high stakes as 18 of 506 assns surveyed paid their top exec over $1 mil in salary and benefits in 2000. Eighty execs paid over half-mil.

2000     1998 
Assn Revs Exec Salary Benefits Assn Revs Exec Salary Benefits
Beer Inst $2,629,045 $175,000 $10,738 $2,458,321 $277,200 $49,334
DISCUS $15,123,226 $467,612 $569,111 $12,130,290 $453,452 $26,683
Wine Inst $12,453,287 $516,873 $34,259 $10,540,480 $400,000 $20,860
NBWA $5,530,392 $300,952 $13,197 $4,923,285 $265,350 $10,087
WSWA $4,612,825 $306,860 $9,756 $3,277,055 $255,000 $18,456

Once again, momentum shifted in direct shipping cases. In back-to-back decisions in Va and NC, two US Dist Cts just ruled that those states' direct shipments bans are unconstitutional and protectionist. Both fed judges focused on fact that Va and NC banned direct shipments from out-of-state wineries, but allowed in-state wineries to sell direct to consumers. They concluded that these states didn’t justify the discrimination. And instead of banning in-state vintners from shipping direct, both opened door to allow all direct shipments. Recall that there are court challenges to laws that ban direct shipments in 8 states dating back to 99. Several early decisions indicated the Commerce Clause (fed interest in preventing trade discrimination) would trump states’ rights under 21st Amendment to regulate alc bevs. So early on, it looked like direct shipping bans would be tossed. Then a Sep 2000 US Appeals Ct (7th Circuit) decision upheld Ind’s direct shipments ban, declared in effect that "wine ain’t cheese" and strongly affirmed states’ rights to regulate alc bevs. Similarly, decisions in Fla and Mich upheld those states’ direct shipments bans. So why did fed judges in Va and NC go back the other way? Both judges merely paid "lip service" to 21st Amendment, in view of Wine & Spirits Wholesalers Assn (WSWA) general counsel Craig Wolf. Fed judge in Va didn’t even analyze Va law under 21st Amendment. He simply dismissed the 7th Circuit opinion: "This Court is not bound by any decision of the Seventh Circuit," judge wrote. Added: "the 7th Circuit did not apply the dormant Commerce Clause which this Court finds must be applied." Fed judge in NC didn’t dismiss the 7th Circuit opinion, but suggested even "7th Circuit would have serious concerns with a discriminatory statutory scheme" like NC’s. Craig counters that NC judge "misconstrued" 7th Circuit opinion. Gotta note too fed courts in Fla and Mich upheld direct shipping bans even tho they applied to out-of-state suppliers only. What happens next? Va and NC cases will go to fed Appeals Ct. Pro-direct shipping forces embraced these fed ct decisions as step towards the US Sup Ct showdown they’ve always wanted. But WSWA expects 4th Circuit Ct of Appeals to reverse Va and NC decisions.

Ranks of distribs keep thinning. In more and more markets it’s getting down to 2 distribs. Calif going Miller/Coors in a hurry. Over 1/2 dozen distrib deals there in just last 6 mos. So far in 2002, new Miller/Coors distribs in all these cities: Van Nuys, San Jose, Redwood City, Santa Maria and Visalia. That followed Oakland and Long Beach/Anaheim late last yr (when Coors sold its Anaheim branch to Reyes family, that seemed to open floodgate). Here are some of players: Allied Bevs (owned by Kevin Williams) bought 2-mil-case Coors/import distrib Sierra; it also sold Miller in Santa Maria to new Central Coast (partnership between Coors distrib Larrabee Bros and ex-Sierra owner Frank Clark). South Bay Bevs (owned by Bob Fransechini Jr) bought 3.2 mil-case Miller/ Coors distrib in San Jose. That was 4th new owner there in 4 yrs. Bob also sold Coors West in Redwood City to Maita Dist to form new Miller/Coors distrib there. And Valley Wide of Fresno bought 1-mil-case Coors distrib C&S in Visalia; it already has Miller there. But 1 state well ahead of Calif on consolidation curve: the whole state of Fla is now consolidated Miller/Coors. Other recent Miller/Coors deals also inked in Tex, Tenn, Va, Mo, Ga and Mass. In recent Tex, Fla and Mass deals, Corona brands peeled off and sold to AB distribs again, for over $20 per case in Fla and Mass. In Tex, Houston Dist and Faust Dist bought 3-mil-case Coors/Pabst/import distrib Hillman Intl Brands; Houston Dist got most of that. But Corona brands sold separately to 2 Bud distribs, mostly giant Silver Eagle. Silver Eagle now sells about 1 mil cases of Modelo products. In Richmond Va, Loveland Dist (Miller) bought 1.2-mil-case National Dist (Coors) and it kept Corona. In all, it will sell 4.7 mil cases and have about 60 share. While most deals followed well-established patterns, a couple of curveballs in Tenn and Ark. In Memphis, nation’s largest DVD distrib, Ingram Entertainment, acquired 1.5-mil-case Coors/import distrib Crown and will sell beer out of its DVD warehouse. Next door in Ark, another switch: smaller AB distrib bought a much larger non-contiguous 3.3-mil-case AB distrib. Eagle Dist in Texarkana paid around $25 mil all-in for Golden Eagle in Little Rock.

SAB "set to clinch "Miller deal "next week," wrote Reuters on 4/11 as we went to press. Cited industry and banking sources. "This looks like a done deal," said one close to the talks. But one day earlier, SAB spokesman told INSIGHTS negotiations in "early days." So go figure. Most execs INSIGHTS talked to recently consider deal likely. Both PM and SAB publicly acknowledged negotiations following a Wall St Jnl report that called discussions "advanced." Parties hope to "finalize terms in the next few weeks," Jnl had written. Yet SAB officially merely said discussions "preliminary" and SAB "in discussions with a number of third parties regarding the ongoing consolidation of the industry." PM’s statement even blander; it just confirmed negotiations. SAB issued its statement to comply with UK regulatory requirements (the South African co is listed on London exchange). Remember that in early Mar, PM COO Bill Webb told Miller meeting that media reports on deal consisted of "tired old rumors," and that S&N (said at time to be 3d party in deal) had done different $1.5 bil deal in Eastern Europe. What reignited discussions? "After shopping Miller around and finding few buyers," wrote NY Times, PM "lowered its asking price, a prospect that has helped lure SAB back to the bargaining table." PM apparently dropped its asking price from $6 bil to $5 bil, according to various reports. What’s $1 bil between friends? Better yet, that $5 bil wouldn’t involve any cash outlay at all. In deal supposedly on table, PM would keep 25% stake in combined entity worth about $3 bil and allocate $2 bil in debt to new co too.

Here are a few notes about SAB. In fiscal yr ended Mar 31, 2001, SAB had about $4 bil in revs, $667 mil in pre-tax income. So its revs almost identical to Miller, but income about 30% greater. Meanwhile, it recently listed annualized volume almost 2x Miller: about 75 mil bbls. Because of devaluation of South African currency, SAB profits have actually declined last couple of yrs. (Beer in South Africa is pretty cheap these days, about 22 cents a pint.) SAB on acquisition spree in emerging mkts; did 27 deals in China in last 7 yrs, according to Forbes Global. SAB also sez it's most profitable brewer in China where it does over 20 mil bbls. SAB sells 2/3 of all beer in Africa.

Did someone say it’s getting expensive to compete in US beer biz? Media spending for beer reached $971 mil in 2001, according to CMR which tracks spending in 10 media. That’s up $60 mil, 7% over 2000 (an Olympics year), $171 mil, 21% over 99. So suppliers spent about $4.80 per bbl, up 20% from $4 in 99. Total spending up even tho biggest spender AB reduced spending $25 mil, 7%. AB’s cut is partially because 2000 was Olympics year when AB always spends more. AB’s spending will jump this year with 2002 Winter Olympics and Bacardi Silver intro. Coors spent about same $200 mil each of last 2 yrs, Modelo brands got same $37 mil both years, and Labatt USA spent about same $17 mil. Boston slashed spending by $9 mil in 2001. So who boosted spending? Miller, Heineken and Guinness jumped spending over $100 mil between ‘em. Miller hiked media spending nearly $50 mil, 25% to $239 mil. That was still below its $262-mil spending peak in 97, but $75 mil more than in 99. Heineken tacked on a $12-mil, 22% increase and spent $69 mil. Biggest % jump: Guinness upped media support nearly 5-fold to $49 mil as it spent $40 mil on Smirnoff Ice alone.

High-end brands getting bigger and bigger share of spending, even before this yr’s malternative mktg madness. Look at shifting "share of voice":

   Media Spending $$ (000)
                  
2001
2000
1999
Bud             
130,028   
55,721    
134,213
Bud Light       
93,169   
107,258    
104,096
Bud Misc          
2,078     
5,519      
1,139
Bud Ice/Lt          
111       
160         
86
Busch Fam        
9,453    
18,241      
7,284
Michelob Fam     
43,460    
38,702     
33,936
Tequiza           
6,251     
2,833      
1,123
Doc Otis          
6,801     
1,266          
0
Other            
36,617    
23,663     
35,353
AB              
327,968   
353,363    
317,230
Lite            
102,899    
90,159     
82,840 
High Life        
16,930     
9,917     
14,173
MGD/GDL          
49,657    
24,453     
28,270
Mil's Best/Lt         
7     
3,229        
336
Icehouse          
1,260     
8,550      
8,364
Foster's*        
13,779    
14,334     
10,322
Other            
54,627    
40,283     
20,140
Miller          
239,159   
190,925    
164,445
Coors Light     
120,712   
111,276     
94,594
Coors            
36,920    
40,716     
27,890
Keystone/Fam      
4,778     
6,002      
6,015
Killian's        
13,719    
12,251     
13,839
Zima             
15,947    
17,962     
13,093
Other             
9,871    
11,598     
10,619
Coors           
201,947   
199,805    
166,050
Modelo (all)     
37,015    
36,699     
37,216
Heineken         
69,315    
56,931     
42,232
Labatt USA       
17,092    
16,453    
21,737
Guinness-Bass    
49,987    
10,126      
9,892
Boston            
4,992    
14,182     
10,644
*Foster's in 2001, all Molson USA in 1999-2000


AB dropped to 1/3 of measured media spending from 40% in 99. But major imports/ specialty/ malternatives spending jumped to 
$200 mil or over 20 share, up from $128 mil, 16 share in 99. (Includes suppliers shown in chart plus Mike’s Hard Lemonade, 
$14.7 mil, and Beck’s $7.2 mil.) Throw in another $100 mil big brewers spent on hi-end brands and over 30% of beer $$$ spent 
on hi-end. In all, Miller climbed back to 24 share of spending from 20 in 99. Coors held 20 share. 

AB reduced spending on both Bud and Bud Light in 2001. In fact, spent less on both than 2 yrs ago. Brought per-bbl spending on Bud down from $4.60 in 2000 to under $4 in 2001. And Bud Light’s per-bbl spending dipped even more, from $3.42 to $2.75. Bud Light, #1 brand in US last yr, ranked #4 in media support at $93 mil, below Bud ($130 mil), Coors Light ($121 mil) and Miller Lite ($103 mil). AB slashed Busch media in half to $9 mil. But AB increased support for Michelob family by $5 mil, 12%, more than doubled spending for Tequiza and raised spending for Doc Otis from $1.2 mil to nearly $7 mil. AB’s "miscellaneous" spending up sharply in 2001 too. That includes some public service announcements and spending for "various" brands unidentified by CMR. While AB reduced spending on its biggest brands, Miller hiked spending on each of its core brands. Lite spending back over $100 mil. Up $13 mil, 14% and just below $6.50 per bbl. That’s about $4 more per bbl than Bud Light. Miller more than doubled spending for Gen Draft to almost $50 mil, close to $10 per bbl. High Life spending way up too. Miller spent $14 mil on Foster’s alone in 2001, about the same amount it spent on all Molson USA brands in 2000. Two Miller spending cuts: Icehouse and Mil’s Best. In all, Miller spending topped $6 per bbl, up from $3.80/bbl just 2 years back. Coors cut support for Original Coors by about $4 mil, 10%, but raised support for Coors Light by $9 mil, 8%. Coors Light media cost Coors $7.80 per bbl in 2001, fully 5 bucks/bbl more than AB spent on Bud Light, and up $1.50/bbl in 2 years. Despite reduced support for Original Coors, it still got over $20/bbl in media last yr. Coors continued to spend heavily per bbl for Zima and Killian’s too. In toto, Coors neared $10/bbl media support in 2001.

After spending $18-19 mil each yr 96-98, Heineken really poured it on. Spent nearly $70 mil or about $1 per case ($14/bbl). Huge Guinness jump also works out to about $1 per case. Spent $1.67 per case on Smirnoff Ice, some funded by distribs. Modelo brands kept up mid-teens volume growth rate with virtually same amount of media in last 3 yrs, tho that’s double what Barton/Gambrinus spent back in 98. Still, Modelo brands got $10 per bbl less media support than Heineken and Guinness brands.

 

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